How to read this
Not all evidence is equal. We label everything.
Some ingredients have multiple human clinical trials. Others have mechanism studies or animal models. Others have safety reviews and chemistry research. We tag each ingredient by the strength of its supporting research so you can make the call yourself.
Strong clinical evidence
Multiple human clinical trials, FDA monograph status, or industry-standard reviews across the cosmetic dermatology field.
Moderate evidence
Documented mechanism studies, smaller human trials, or strong animal model evidence. Increasingly used in evidence-based cosmetic formulations.
Supporting research
Safety reviews, regulatory assessments, and functional/chemistry research supporting use — even where direct clinical efficacy studies are limited.